Prosthodontics

The word means replacement of missing dental structure. So this is the branch in dentistry that deals with replacing missing teeth and other facial and dental structures. The most common dental component replaced in the dental clinic is the tooth itself. Other lost structures like eyes, nose, ears, because of surgery or accidents can be replaced for aesthetic reasons.

Replacement of Teeth

The teeth are replaced by 2 methods
  1. Removable Denture
  2. Fixed denture

Removable Dentures

Removable dentures are plastic teeth placed on a gum coloured plastic plate.  They create an aesthetic replacement for the missing teeth. Removable dentures are of two types
  • Flexible
  • Rigid
Acrylic RPDs have rigid plates, instead of rigid plates flexible plates are also used to stimulate the gum tissue.  These flexible Dentures have high aesthetic value and special tendency to retain itself in the mouth.  They are non allergic also.

FPDs

Fixe partial dentures are of two types
  • Tooth supported
  • Implant supported
The next method of replacement of teeth is by using Crown and Bridges. There are often called a FPDs or fixed partial dentures. When placed on a single tooth the FPD called a crown. Tooth supported: When one or more teeth are missing, the teeth adjustment to the missing tooth are RCT treated and then they are prepared to a smaller size. The prepared tooth is replaced by
  • Zirconia
  • Porcelain fused to metal
  • by metal teeth.
And the missing tooth is attached to these two teeth. As it look like a bridge and is often called so.
2. Implant supported: A single missing tooth needs two nearby teeth to support the bridge, so two teeth has to be modified to replace one tooth. Instead of preparing 2 teeth for supporting a bridge, a single implant which is made of titanium is fixed to the gums. This is called an implant. Implants are placed and Crowns/Bridges are fixed on it. When more than two teeth are missing in nearby region 2 implants are placed and bridges are fabricated over the implants.

Complete Denture

Complete dentures are normally used in old individuals where all their permanent teeth are lost. They are also removable or fixed.  Fixed are done using implants.
Normally 6 implants support each denture.  So for both upper and lower jaws 12 implants are needed.
Removable denture sometimes became loose, so implants are placed and the removable denture is made lock to the implant by a snap joint.  This makes a removable denture semi fixed and is often very useful to patients.
The procedures Include
  • Removable Partial Denture (RPD)
  • Flexible Partial Denture (FPD)
  • Complete Flexible Denture
  • Fixed Partial Denture (Crown/Bridges)
  • Implant supported Dentures

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